Is It Possible For A Machine - 847 Words

4. Is it possible for a Machine to ‘’think’’? To be ‘’conscious’’? To ‘’understand’’? Explain with reference to your readings in the Philosophy of Mind module. The problem of thought associated with a machine raises ethical issues on a scientific perspective. So, how can we engage and act to develop the systems necessary for a peaceful life for human beings and especially in order not to be responsible for a collapse of humanism by wrapping in an autonomous and dense monitoring system throughout the society? Can a machine really think, understand and be conscious? In an article written in 1950 Computing machinery and intelligence Turing wondered if a machine could think. To find out, he proposed the â€Å"imitation game†. That is, the machine would imitate the language behavior of a human being and a judge would compare the writing behavior of a human to that of a machine by asking questions. Turing conjectures that within fifty years after the publication of the article, machines would become powerful enough to mislead the judge three or four times out of ten. Therefore, according to Turing, popular wisdom would then acknowledge that machines can think. It is quite clear that the way of life of our nowadays globalized society is the absolute use of what nature can provide; with a limitless deployment of technology. For the past fifty years, computer science has been technologically penetrating all fields including medicine and is now using significant means of communication.Show MoreRelatedWhat Is True Self Awareness Will Ever Be Possi ble For Machines?774 Words   |  4 PagesIt s hard to say whether true self-awareness will ever be possible for machines, but many scientists predict this is not only possible, but just around the corner. Maybe we need to start thinking about the social ramifications involved in a world where we are no longer the only intelligent beings on the planet. After all, if our new machine friends feel mistreated, we don t want it to result in a skynet-like scenario. Are we already off to a bad start? Are we developing a culture of inequalityRead MoreCan Artificial Consciousness be Possible?868 Words   |  4 PagesCan artificial consciousness be possible? In other words, can a machine be conscious and have the same behavior as a human. Artificial consciousness or also can be referred as machine consciousness are machines created by humans that are programmed to have artificial intelligence in the machine’s system. This means that machines are programmed to have the intelligence as a human. However, would it be possible for humans to create a machine that is programmed to have the ability to think, feel, andRead MoreThe Future Of Artificial Intelligence1020 Words   |  5 PagesKareem Toluwalope Student ID: B00781950 The Possible Future Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Artificial Intelligence is the process of humanizing machines. Artificial Intelligence has a lot of benefits and disadvantages, which would increase in the coming years. Artificial Intelligence would be beneficial to humans because we have a lot to improve upon in our society. Artificial Intelligence would be a great asset, but it should be treated with caution. Machines with AI could be used in medical facilitiesRead MoreEssay On Corporate Finance806 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Finance in the age of Thinking Computers. Just like humans, computers can now learn and adapt, thanks to machine learning, a subfield in AI. With artificial neural networks to mimic those of the human brain, intelligent computers can learn from examples, meaning that no task specific programming is required. While machine learning technology is still at infant stages in most industries, it is making ground breaking milestones in the financial sector. Among the areas experiencing majorRead MoreHow The Society Values Computer Technology1716 Words   |  7 Pagestheory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 1.2 Respondents opinions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2.0 Summary and Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Figures Fig 1.2.0 Do you interact with artificial intelligent systems? ........................................5 Fig 1.2.1 is it possible for human thinking to be replicated in humans? ......................6 Fig 1.2.2 Do you believe AI will replace humans in future†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Fig 1.2.3 Do the promises of AI scare you? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Fig 1.2.4 Do you know about Ai? ...........Read MoreHyper-V And Virtual Computer Expression From 2008 To 2008992 Words   |  4 Pagesprevious years. In 2012 Hyper-V allows for shared virtual hard disk. In doing this it is now possible to share virtual HD files (.vhdx) between multiple virtual machines. This in turn makes it possible to deploy a guest failover cluster which is no longer bound to storage topology. The shared virtual HD is an ideal use for SQL Server database files, file server services running within a Virtual Machine, or Database files which reside on shared disks. The quality of service within Hyper-V wasRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesIntelligence is a broad topic, consisting of different fields, from machine vision to expert systems. Nowadays with the use of high level techniques, computers have been programmed to solve many difficult problems, but the products that are available today are only a sample of what is coming in the future. AI has an interesting history and has always been on the pioneering end of computer science. In order to classify machines as thinking, it is necessary to explain intelligence. WhatRead MorePhysics Of The Impossible By. Kaku1468 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"heavier than air† devices are not possible. Similarly, Einstein predicted that black hole is impossible but Hubble Space telescope and Chandra X-ray telescope have revealed thousands of black holes in the space (Physics of the Impossible XIII). That’s why he used the world â€Å"impossible† to anticipate the future of science and technology. Kaku basically divided the impossible into three categories. â€Å"Class I impossibilities† include the technologies that are not possible today, but they do not violateRead MoreMachines can be conscious1605 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿R.Yusuf Akbal 210112409 03.05.2013 Can machines be conscious? Can machines be conscious? Well, the answer actually depends on the kind of machines you are talking about. 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Macroeconomics Equilibrium GDP Free Essays

1. Move the green pointer on the horizontal axis to an income level of 430. Then click on the â€Å"income adjustment† button. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Equilibrium GDP or any similar topic only for you Order Now What happened? Why did income return to equilibrium at 470? The GDB rises to restore equilibrium. This is because at GDP=430, the aggregate expenditures is higher than production. This is a state of imbalance so that production opportunities will rise to match the total spending. 2. Move the green pointer on the horizontal axis to an income level of 510. Then hit the â€Å"income adjustment† button. What happened? Why did income return to equilibrium at 470? GDP decreases to restore equilibrium. This is because at GDP=510, production is higher than aggregate expenditures. This means that there will an excess in production. The excess will force production to reduce to maintain profitability until equilibrium point is achieved. So GDP will always return to equilibrium point of 430 where aggregate expenditure equals production. 3. What happened to Income in Chapter 10 exercise when Investment was increased? Income also increases as indicated by GDP line at 6000. 4. Explain why the resulting increase in equilibrium Income was greater than the change in Investment spending. Investment will produce some level of gains or in numbers this is a multiplier. This gain (multiplier) is what causes the GDP change in equilibrium to be higher. 5. Give three real-world forces that could cause a â€Å"shift in Aggregate Demand.† 5.1 An increase in consumption will increase the Aggregate Demand. 5.2 An increase in government expenditure will increase the Aggregate Demand. 5.3 An increase in net export will increase the Aggregate Demand. 6. Give three real-world forces that could cause a â€Å"shift in Aggregate Supply.† 6.1 An increase wages and salaries will increase the Aggregate Supply. 6.2 Education and Training will shift the Aggregate Supply. 6.3 Research and Development will shift the Aggregate Supply. References C. MacConnell, S. Brue (2005). Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies, 16/e. Graphing Exercise: Equilibrium GDP (Chapter 10.1). Retrieved January 27, 2007 from How to cite Macroeconomics Equilibrium GDP, Essay examples

History of physical education Essay Example For Students

History of physical education Essay The field of physical education has gone through many cycles over its long history. These cycles range from a strict authoritarianism to the liberal democracy of today. This transformation to the democracy has opened the field of physical education up to many new sciences, which are creating many new professional opportunities. If the cycles of physical education continue, these new professions will hopefully pave the way to future discoveries and studies of physical education. The Spartans and Athenians were the first to have a type of physical education. Though very different, both systems served the people and their needs. The Spartan system was similar to a dictatorship. Male children were taken at the age of seven to learn basic military skills while living in barracks. When the children reached the age of fourteen, they began learning group fighting tactics which would allow them to succeed while in the military from the ages of twenty to thirty. Once thirty, the men could then marry a women who had been doing some training of her own in order to make strong babies. The philosophy of the Spartans was basically to allow them to invade other countries if desired, and to prevent other countries from invading them. The philosophy of the Athenians was quite different compared to the Spartans. The Athenian culture was very democratic, and focused on training the mind and body. Reading and writing was a large part of society as well as physical activity which took place in the center of the city where the gymnasium was located. The physical education philosophy of the Athenians was the high point of physical education for many years. Some other cycles in physical education that we have evolved from are that of the Romans, the dark ages, and the crusades. The Roman era is a bit disturbing, but is nonetheless a cycle of physical education. Physical education for the Romans was about athletics, which was primarily about entertainment. People were forced to fight to the death, and oftentimes fed to lions. During the dark ages, religion viewed physical education as a waste of time and a work of the devil. The dark ages were a very sedentary time for human civilization. Following the dark ages in approximately 1096, were the crusades. The crusades were a time of muscular Christianity, because of the Muslims conquering Jerusalem. Muscular Christianity is basically Christians believing that the more one trained to become good soldiers, the more Christian a person was. In 1270, the crusades ended and so did the thought of physical education being worthwhile until approximately 1400 when the renaissance period began. Physical education during the renaissance period is quite similar to physical education today. It is done to better oneself, not to be doing something for someone else. The development of physical education had another setback in the 1600s when it was very functional and not a priority. People believed that if it did not have a specific purpose, than it was a waste of time. .

How does the writer of the play A Kind of Alaska show the struggle in Deborahs awakening Essay Example

How does the writer of the play A Kind of Alaska show the struggle in Deborahs awakening Essay The awakening of Deborah in the play A Kind of Alaska is a very slow progressing process, causing it to be one drawn out tense moment throughout the play. The struggle that is happening throughout the play conveys how difficult it is for Deborah to come to terms with herself and things that have happened without her influence. Confusion, reality and truth are the key points in causing the struggle for her, and decide on how she comes to terms with her life.Deborah succumbed to a sleeping illness when she was fifteen. She has been in that illness for twenty-nine years and is not aware of anything that has taken place since the point she fell asleep.At the opening of the play, Deborah finds herself awakening in a plain room with two chairs, a table and the doctor. This causes Deborah confusion and distress, as she is struggling to come to terms with herself, her location and who the doctor is. Because this is the first time she has awoken in twenty-nine years, a fuss is made of her by the doctor. He is patient and waits for her to make the first move before he decides to question her about her sleep.Deborah struggles with her words due to her not being provoked to make the first move. First she whispers, for this is all she can do due to her voice lying dormant for twenty-nine years. Her voice probably would have sounded hoarse and croaky due to the lack of use.Something is happening.These are her first words. Deborah confuses herself with what she said as she does not fully understand. She does not know what is happening or what has happened to her.Mood and atmosphere is being set as the tension builds up. The doctor, Hornby, tries to provoke her into saying something.Do you know me?SilenceDo you recognise me?SilenceCan you hear me?She does not look at himDeborah does not respond to him immediately, even when she is addressed directly. She acts as if she can hear him, but cannot answer him back, for that is how she would act if she were still in her illness. She does not see the point in answering him because the whole situation would probably seem as a dream to her.Are you speaking?YesPauseDo you know who I am?PauseWho am I?No-one hears what I say. No-one is listening to me.This last line shows us that despite her responding to what Hornby says she still fails to believe that she is awake and communicating with people. Deborah is struggling to come to terms that she is awake, talking and having a conversation. There are a lot of pauses throughout this part of the play as Hornby is being patient and is waiting for her to say something first. He is giving her time and wants to hear what is on her mind and what she has to say without being motivated. Hornby is trying to get acknowledged by repeatedly asking her questions.Who am I?You are no-one.Deborah suddenly accepts that she can be heard, and starts talking about irrelevant information that in the past she may have been proud of.Who is it? It is miles away. The rain is falling. I will get wet.Here, Deborah is confusing herself and is talking in jumbled up sentences. She cannot keep her mind focused on one thing and that is reflected in the way she is speaking. This shows how she is struggling to have a conversation about the simplest of things.I cant go to sleep. The dog keeps turning about I talk FrenchDeborah still has no confirmed idea of who she is. Pieces of information is spilling out of her mouth, slotting her past back together. She is struggling to find out who she is but the memories she is sharing with Hornby are helping her find herself.It is taking her a long time to process the information given to her. As it is all a struggle to understand everything, the information needs to be fed to her slowly so it is easy to understand and accept. Hornby has to repeat himself before he gets any recognition out of Deborah. He tries to give her the information she needs to know in the easiest way possible for her to understand, very blunt and to the point.You have been asleep for a very long time. You have now woken up. We are here to care for you.PauseYou have been asleep for a very long time. You are older, although you do not know that. You are still younger but older.Deborah decides to disregard what Hornby had just said, as it probably seemed to hard for her to understand. Instead it seemed to snap her out of her sleep properly, even though she seemed awake before that.When she looks at Hornby and acknowledges him for the first time it is a very tense moment in the play. She has realised that there is life outside her head and that she is back to reality, and becomes more aware of what is happening around her.You have been asleep. You have awoken. Can you hear me? Do you understand me?She looks at him for the first time.Asleep?Deborah most probably expected to wake up in her own bed and experience her everyday routine that she went through before she fell asleep.If I have been asleep, why hasnt mummy woken me up?This shows that she thin ks she has overslept for a couple of hours at the most. This will make the struggle harder for her when she realises that she has been asleep for twenty-nine years.Instead she looks at Hornby and notices this is not the case, and get confused and anxious. Deborah asks the natural questions a person would ask if the woke up in a place unfamiliar to them.Where is everyone? Where is my dog? Where are my sisters?Deborah becomes unsure about simple pieces of information. She struggles to recollect what happened to her the day she fell asleep and is not certain of her age.I am twelve. No. I am sixteen. I am seven.PauseI do not know. Yes. I know. I am fourteen. I am fifteen. Im lovely fifteenShe repeats that she is fifteen twice, giving the audience the impression that she has become sure of her proper age.It is almost as if she snaps back to reality. Now begins the struggle of coming to terms with who she is, what happened to her and where she is. Deborah would feel isolated and alone, as she is in a bare room with a person who is unfamiliar to her. It would appear to her that her family has left her behind and moved on without her, and now all she has left is the doctor. Because Hornby is the only other person in the room, she sees him as many different people.You shouldnt have touched me like that. I shant tell my mother. I shouldnt have touched you like that.PauseOh Jack.These lines suggest that she is maybe talking to a boyfriend of hers she remembers before she fell asleep. Deborah might have recollected a moment where she felt guilty, and has had time to think about it. Because she had felt like this while in her sleep she needed to voice her guilt, and this is what she did as soon as she remembered it.Deborahs perception of people change dramatically. She reads the doctor as different people as she remembers different pieces of her life before she fell asleep. She talks about her daddy and sisters, and sees the doctor as her daddy.Daddy?Because he supplies he r with the answers to her questions, she continues to read the doctor as her father. This illustrates the confusion she is feeling and the struggle to come to terms with the information given to her. It is hard for her to process all of this information, as it is new to her and hard to understand. Deborah finally begins to understand where she is who Hornby is.Ive seen this room before.This line suggests that while in her sleep, Deborah has managed to make communication with reality. She may have woken up for a split second and then fallen back into her slumber, and probably would have recognised the room from when she woke up briefly.Deborah begins to show her distress and begins to think irrationally.My mother? My father?PauseDid they bring me to you as a sacrifice? Did they sacrifice me to you?PauseNo, no. You stole mein the night.She is using her imagination to fill in the gaps that do not make sense to her. Because no one has been able to reassure her of the things that do not make sense to her while she has been asleep, it is mandatory for her to think such things.In her panic Deborah begins to say the first thing that come into her head. She does not think before she is speaking, suggesting she is uptight, nervous and edgy. She becomes very defensive and says things that are unnecessary, information from her memories that she was not proud of or she feels the need to confess.You had your way with meMy lust was my ownYou took it from me. Once open never closed. Never closed again. Never closed always open. For eternity. Terrible. You have ruined me.This suggests that she may have lost her virginity before she fell asleep and regrets it. It may have been resting on her conscience while she was asleep and needed to be voiced. Deborah is struggling to understand that these things do not matter and she should not need to feel guilty over them.Deborah suddenly realises that she doesnt sound right, not what she is used to sounding like.I sound childish. Out of tune.She is struggling to understand why she is so different, and believes it is down to her age.How old am I?PauseEighteen?She does not realise that she has been asleep for so long, making it a harder struggle for her to understand this when she is told.Her imagination keeps wandering and is not focusing on one thing. She uses her child like imagination to fill in gaps. She doesnt know where she is so she pretends she is somewhere else.This is a hotelThis is a white tent, when I open the flap Ill step out into the Sahara Desert.Hornby seems to lose his patience and brings her back to reality. Once again he tells her she has been asleep, causing Deborahs temper to rise. She does not understand why an issue is being made out of her being asleep, as she does not realise she has been asleep for longer than she expects.Oh you keep saying that!Why shouldnt I have a long sleep for a change?My body demands itI may have overslept but I didnt do it deliberately.These lines are very poignant, as she is completely oblivious to the fact that she has been asleep for twenty-nine years. When she is told this, there is a very long silence, suggesting that it is taking a very long time to sink in. Her imagination starts running away with her again as she struggles to believe that she has been asleep for so long.You mean Im dead?No.I dont feel dead.Youre not.Not only is it a struggle for Deborah to come to terms with what she has been told, but Hornby is also struggling to convince her that she has been asleep for so long. Deborah is in denial and wont accept the fact that she has been asleep for so long. The only explanation she can think of that sounds reasonable to her is that she has been dead, and it is hard for Hornby to convince her otherwise.Once again Deborah perceives the doctor as a different person. Because he is the only other person in the room he is the only person she can share her feelings with.I think I love you.No you dont.Deborah is confused here and does no t realise what she is saying. Teenagers are always on the lookout for the opposite sex, and when they see them they weigh them up as potential partners. Because there was no one else to compare Hornby to she went straight ahead and told him she loved him. I love you are very strong words and dont mean anything to teenagers. As teenagers fall in and out of love easily, it is not a big deal for her when she says she loves Hornby. When he rejects her and says she doesnt, she becomes very defensive and hot headed.Well, Im not spoilt for choice here, am I? Theres not another man in sight.Her past life interferes the present as she talks about her childhood. She then talks about her future and how she has the rest of her life to look forward to now she is awake.But now Ive got all the world before me. All life before me. All my life before me.This line is very poignant, as we know she does not have the rest of her life before her. The drug used to wake her up is only temporary, be she is not aware of that. It will be a struggle for her when she realises she will fall back to sleep sooner or later.From the way she speaks about her sister we get the impression that she liked to act a lot older than she was. She talks about her younger sister Pauline in a very mature manner, using unusual words a fifteen year old isnt expected to understand, let alone use in their vocabulary.Im not prepared to tolerate her risible, tendentious, her eclectic, her ornate, her rococo insinuations and garbled inventions.This suggests to the audience that Deborah might have felt slightly insecure with her position in the house. She is trying to sound sophisticated, and as she is the second oldest sister out of the three she might have felt the need to act older than she is as a role model for her younger sister. Because her mother expected a lot of her she might have felt the need to prove herself as a responsible daughter who is able to earn her parents trust. She feels that acting more ma ture she feels is the best way to do this. This shows that not only is Deborah struggling to understand what is happening now, but also she struggled to find herself when she was younger.Deborah doesnt understand Hornby when he tries to explain to her that she just stopped. He uses words like sleep when he doesnt specifically mean sleeping, which confuses Deborah.You fell asleep and no-one could wake you. But although I use the word sleep it was not strictly sleep.Oh make up your mind!Deborah is struggling to understand what he means by the term sleep, as this is what Hornby keeps referring her illness to be. When he says it is not a sleep, she gets confused and finds it difficult to process the information given to her. She tries to fill in the empty gaps with her imagination and once again tries to sound sophisticated.You mean you thought I was asleep when I was actually awake?Deborah uses her language the way she thinks is correct, but slips up from time to time. Instead she soun ds childish and sounds her age. Because of this she fails to take her illness seriously when told to her.She does not believe that she had not laughed once while in her illness and refuses to take in what Hornby is saying.And when I laugheddid you laugh with me?You never laughed.Of course I laughed. I have a laughing nature.Deborah abruptly changes the conversation once more, emphasising how she is struggling to keep her mind on one topic of conversation. She is also struggling with staying still and not being able to move, so she decides to get out of her bed.Right, Ill get up now.He moves to herNo! Dont! Dont! Dont! Dont touch me.Yet again she is revealing her insecurity. Deborah does not feel comfortable with the help of a person she does not know. This also could be perceived as an issue of pride she might not want the help from Hornby as she wants to prove to herself that she is capable of moving by herself. She feels like a fifteen year old ready to leap out of bed, when in f act she is frail and appears like an old woman. Hornby knows this, which is why he tries to aid her. Previously in the play Deborah has only had to deal with the mental struggle, but this is a physical struggle for Deborah as she needs to get her body used to functioning again, She feels that she can cope with this, which is why she does not need Hornbys help. The slowness and tension of this part of the play really conveys the struggle that not only Deborah is going through, but Hornby as well.At the part of the play when Pauline, Deborahs Younger sister, enters Deborah does not pay attention. She is not aware of anyone walking into the room, let alone this person being her younger sister. Deborah does not recognise her sister and carries on talking as if she isnt there. She becomes fixed on one topic of conversation, which happens to be her dancing and how she danced in confined places, suggesting she has had a trapped image in her mind while in her illness. Deborah talks about th e light and darkness so much, suggesting that she has not seen the light for so long and all she has seen is the darkness and gradually trails off as she becomes aware of Pauline. Pauline is in her mid forties and is unrecognisable by Deborah. Twenty-nine years ago Pauline would have been Deborahs younger sister, but now in Deborahs eyes she herself has not aged, so now Pauline has become the older sister.All Deborah does is stare at Pauline, which to Pauline seems like a substantial improvement and becomes overwhelmed with happiness.Shes looking at me. (She turns back to Deborah) Youre looking at me. Oh Deborahyou havent looked at mefor such a long time.She decides to tell Deborah that she is her sister, to which she replies with a short laugh. Hornby realises that it is too soon for Pauline to enter the conversation and becomes agitated, as it will now become harder for Deborah to come to terms with her life at present.I didnt call you.Pauline regards himWell alright. Speak to her .Pauline becomes anxious at the thought of speaking to her sister. She does not know what to say to her, as she has not spoken to her in so long. She asks Hornby for his advice.Shall I tell her lies or the truth?Both.Telling her both lies and the truth will make it easier for Deborah to cope with, but will cause a struggle for her when she finds out that the information given to her is not fully correct. She will have a hard time coming to terms with the truth a lot more than she will with believing the lies. When Pauline speaks to Deborah, the first thing she talks about is her family. She over exaggerates slightly with what is said and has to make herself sound more childish and less mature to make it easier for Deborah to understand. Pauline explains in the easiest way possible for Deborah to understand that their family have gone on holiday.Daddys not too well, although in many respects hes as fit as a fiddle, and MummyIts a wonderful tripPauline trails off the conversation when talking about their mother suggesting that something has happened to her, death perhaps. Pauline tells her that their family send their love to Deborah, especially their mother. This once again suggests that something has happened to their mother.Deborah decides to move to her bed and lie in it, and does so with a great deal of slowness. She does everything spending a lot of time and precision and then shuts her eyes, as if exhausted. This slowness emphasises the struggle she is going through to deal with reality. She calls Pauline over to her so she can get a good look at her. She studies Paulines eyes, and Pauline confirms that she is her sister.Well, youve changed. A great deal. Youve agedsubstantially. What happened to you?Again she decides to giver her own opinion and tries to sound sophisticated, but adds a touch of childness when she says where she found the information.Was it sudden shock? I know shocks can age people over night. Someone told me.Pauline then decides to give Deborah an account of what happened to her the day she fell into her illness. She gives her a lot of information in a very short space of time, which causes a struggle in understanding and accepting what is said. The language she uses sounds that of a child: she uses words like Mummy and Daddy. It could also be because she comes from an aristocratic family. Either way, she does this to make Deborah feel comfortable with what she is saying and tries to make it easier for her to understand. When she is finished talking Deborah speaks.Deborah turns to Hornby.She must be an aunt I have never met. One of those distant cousins.Here it is plain that Deborah was either not listening to what Pauline had said or she chooses not to accept it. From Deborahs point of view she has fallen asleep and woken up the next day as if it was a normal day. She is struggling to understand what is happening to her, but Pauline is also struggling to convince her that this is reality. Pauline reassures Debora h that she is her sister, and her first reaction is to retaliate with some smart remark.Well, if youre Pauline youve put on a remarkable amount of weight in a very short space of time.Even when she does accept that Pauline is her sister, she still does not believe that she has been asleep for 29 years. Because Deborah has been asleep for such a long time, she may be looking for an argument. This could be seen as sister talk or rivalry which she would have been used to before she succumbed to her illness. She then becomes shocked as she realises that she has aged also.My God! Youve grown breasts! (She stares at Paulines breasts and suddenly looks down at herself)Were women.Women?Youre a grown woman, Deborah.This is very hard for Deborah to come to terms with, and decides to disregard it just as she did when Pauline spoke of their family earlier. Again sister rivalry comes in when Deborah becomes aware of her appearance.Im slimmer arent I?Yes.Yes. Im slimmer.Here it appears as if Debo rah is taking pleasure in being slimmer than her sister. She is always on the look out for a reason to be better than her sister, and somehow it makes it easier for her to understand things when she feels good about herself.She begins to stop conversations as soon as they start, making Hornby impatient. When she begins to question Pauline about the truth, Hornbys patience gives way and he decides to hit her with some truths in attempt to make her understand. He tells her that Pauline regularly comes to visit and that he is her doctor. He informs her that Pauline really is her sister and does not give her time to answer back and question him about this. He tells her that her father is blind and Estelle takes care of him and has never been married. He also tells her that her mother is dead. He pauses for her to say something but she is so shocked that she cannot say anything. Hornby tells Deborah how Pauline and him are married and that he was the one who woke her up with an injection . He describes the place she was when she was in her illness as a Kind of Alaska, which would be a metaphor for her. Alaska is cold and isolated part of America, which would be the perfect words to describe Deborah. He puts everything into perspective for her and makes her realise that the world does not only revolve around her and that she is not the only person that has suffered because of her illness. She is acting childish and selfish as that is the only way she knows how to behave. He then become passive and tells her that he has never left her side.I have never let you go.SilenceI have lived with you.This shows his feelings towards Deborah, and suggests he has affections for her-love maybe. If this is the case he could have married Pauline as a replacement for Deborah.Deborah finally takes in what is said to her and suddenly she becomes anxious.I want to go home.This is every childs reaction when they get scared. They feel safe in the comfort of their own home with their paren ts to look after them. She becomes cold all of a sudden and gestures for Paulines support as she takes her hand. At this point it seems that Deborah has accepted Pauline as her sister. She asks about her birthday and Pauline reassures her that she will have a birthday with plenty of presents along with all of her family and friends. Deborah soon becomes distressed when Pauline says about saying goodnight to her and her waking up in the morning.I dont want to lose them.Theyll never be lost. Ever.As Hornby keeps referring to her illness as a sleep, thats is how she sees it. Deborah becomes frightened at the thought of falling asleep as she thinks she will not wake up. Suddenly she shows her distress by flicking her cheek, as if brushing something from it. This seems harmless at first, but becomes more serious as it grows more frequent. It seems un-natural, and looks as if she is trying to communicate to the outside world what it is like inside her head. She repeats words like Oh dear The walls are closing inOh no She refers to the situation as someone shutting the walls in on her and she cannot get out. Everything seems to go black and she describes the feeling as being in a vice, not being able to breath and only being able to see the shadow of the tip of her nose. At this point I think the information has finally sunk in and she is trying to come to terms with it. She is struggling to come out of herself and is afraid of falling back into her illness. When she stops flicking herself and becomes still she describes what it is like in her illness.You cant imagine how still it is. So silent I can hear my eyes movePeople bend over me, speak to me. I want to say hullo, to have a chat.She comes back into reality and accepts that she is old, and is curious of her appearance. She admits she has no intention of looking into a mirror. This could be because she is frightened of actually seeing the truth rather than just hearing it. The easiest way for Deborah to accept t he present is to understand it in the easiest way possible. For her, the lies that were told to her seem easier to understand, so that is how she chooses to accept it. She reveals the information to Hornby and Pauline in the way that she wishes to accept it. For her it is the easy way out, she feels that if she sees the information the way she wants to she doesnt have to accept it in the way that is too difficult for her to understand.When she looks at Hornby and speaks to him, she starts every sentence with You say, suggesting that they are his opinions and they do not matter. She looks at Pauline then turns back to Hornby, and repeats the lies that Pauline told her. She says these as if these are fact, and it is obvious that this is what she chooses to believe.She summarises what has been said to her in a few lines, making everything sound simple, when in fact it merely scrapes the surface of all the things she has to come to terms with and leaves her with the struggle of what is to come.

Fee-Based Higher Education Essay

Fee-Based Higher Education Essay Fee-Based Higher Education Essay Education plays a significant role in human life. People spend about 12 years at schools, and about 4-6 years in colleges. Almost everyone, sooner or later, confronts the issue of continuing his education. Some people go to a college just in order to get a formal document – a bachelor diploma. Others relate to future profession as a matter of the whole life, connecting their future with education. The development of human capital is the basis of the modern industry of higher education. If education is the most valuable wealth, then, what is the level of its availability? Does one have to pay for his education, or is it the duty of the state? I consider that higher education has to be fee-paid because in this case it would increase the authority of higher education and its quality. In the recent time, education in colleges, as private, as state ones, becomes more and more expensive. In the USA, tuition fee varies from five to forty thousand dollars per year. Although, poor students are given generous scholarships, they are often not enough for the students of the middle classes, whose family lose most of their income. However, I consider that higher education has to be fee-based on several main reasons. The obvious argument and example of this fact is the comparison of secondary and higher education in the USA. Secondary education, which is free of fee and general, does not get even an average level. Meanwhile, the higher education, which is fee-paid and expensive, is one of the best in the world. Thus, it is impossible to provide a high-qualified free education in the country of such size. In some European countries, where education is free, the level of taxes is very high. It leads to the conclusion that education is good in the countries where the taxes are very high, or where education is fee-paid. Such American universities as Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts), Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut), Stanford University (Stanford, California), Princeton University (Princeton, New Jersey), are among the best universities over the world. These educational establishments have been recognized as ones of the best over the globe. Meanwhile, education is very expensive there. For example, the fee for education can get about forty thousand dollars per year and more in Harvard University. This fact proves that the most high-qualified education is fee-paid. Such education is valuable and respected in every place. The fee-paid education significantly reduces the availability of higher education. When a person pays serious money for something, then he would take it much more responsible. The opponents of fee-paid higher education state that if higher education is fee-paid, then, it would not be available to everyone. It means that people from poor or middle-class families will not have a possibility to get a higher education. I consider that quality of education will be better, than general education, which is presupposed for everybody. First of all, higher education is not necessary for everyone. People, who want to get a job, are used to go to the colleges. Meanwhile, the employers usually demand higher education, not because it is really necessary for them, but because it has become common. The vast majority of people do not use higher mathematics in the work. They even very rarely use the high school level math. How many times have you applied mathematical integral in the work? Of course, if you are not an engineer or a scientist. Nowadays, higher education is the usual formality. But its not explained that education is bad, and that only a small percentage of people working in the certain areas, really need it. Many vacancies demand only the fact of the presence of higher education. Very often they do not even specify the area, in which it was obtained or success in the study. In many new areas, employers do not even need the higher education, and they are not interested in the formal education. For example, in the field of the informational technologies, the specialists only can show their professional knowledge and abilities to get the job. So, there are two main points, which prove that higher education has to be fee-paid. The first point is that higher education is not necessary for everyone. Most of the people use it only as formality, which devalues ​​the education system as a whole, creating a lot of mediocre educational establishments. The second point is that higher education works good when it is fee-paid. It is good for students, which receive a qualified service, and for the instructors, which get good salaries. Payment for higher education automatically creates its elite status. It does not mean its unavailability for everyone, but elitism, which causes a wish to pay for it. Higher education is a service, which can be consumed or not by a human according to the planned way of life. As any other service, which needs to be high quality, it has to be fee-paid. Visit essay writing service to get custom essays on Higher Education topics. Our writers guarantee high quality and plagiarism-free!

New ways of communication Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New ways of communication - Coursework Example Moreover, unconventional leadership styles and functions have also been witnessed to play an imperative role for the organizations to obtain competitive success, making greater use of advanced technology and the available resources. One such example can be observed in the dimension of internet communication processes. Emphasizing the aforesaid aspect, this paper aimed at empirically identifying the benefits and drawbacks of communicating with co-workers over internet medium in the 1st assignment. 1st Assignment The method of face-to-face communication has been providing adequate support to the business since the ancient trade periods. Eventually, the integration of advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICT), in the modern day communication process, has been viewed to play a major role for the co-workers in terms of sharing different ideas, thoughts and business information using the internet facilities. However, the process can also impose negative impacts upon the organ izations while the co-workers seek to communicate through internet medium. It is in this context that Patterson (2011) emphasizes various dynamic features concerning the importance of developing face-to-face communication amid the co-workers.

Status of Women in South Africa Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Status of Women in South Africa - Term Paper Example The progressive constitution of South Africa guarantees equality for women, access to socio economic rights e.g. fair labour practices, land, housing and health as well as right to freedom from violence. Unfortunately, some of these rights are not a certainty for many women as the country has failed to put into practice and deliver on the policies that give consequence.Poverty and inequality in South Africa, is closely related to race, gender and class. According to the World Bank, the level of poverty is defined by the lack of ability to achieve a minimum standard of living, which is measured in terms of basic consumption needs or the income necessary to satisfy those needs.It has been estimated that 60% of black South Africans remain poor and live in deteriorating socio economic conditions. The unemployment rate in South Africa increased from 33% to 36.2% in the 3 years to 1999, of which 56% of the unemployed were women and the remaining 44% were men. Seven years later, in 2006, ac cording to the Household Survey, of the unemployed, more were women (31.8%) than men (23.8%). The survey also showed that the highest unemployment rate of 41.8% was among black African women.There was another survey done in 2006, the General Household Survey, indicated that 37% refers to households headed by women, and those headed by black African women tally up to 31.9%. From all these statistics, the Institute for Democracy in South Africa indicates that 80% of households headed by women have no wage earners.